Whale rider

The Whale Rider by Witt Alhambra has many important themes that are represented by several characters in the text such as Koru Farina, who struggles to put aside traditional values and struggles to input moored values. We have Nanny Flowers who has that everyday struggle with her husband over who gets that last say in what but Nanny Flowers takes peoples feeling into consideration as Koru Farina lacks that quality in him. Koru Farina is old and a very precise man.He is the type of person that follows the rules and lives out his life without any type of change to his agenda. In this story he has a big head for the old Maori traditions and he likes to keep them in tact. â€Å"A girl?. I will have nothing to do with her. She has broken the male line of our decent in our Hannah. AAU†. Koru Farina was not a happy man whilst he had been informed about the birth of Kaka, Koru Farina wasn't very keen on Kaka. He was always very distant of Kaka and didn't show a whole lot of affection towards Kaka but Kaka still tried her hardest.Nanny Flowers has definitely got her winning sides In most of the argument, â€Å"He Isn't any chief, I'm his Chief†. This line Indicates that Koru Apron Isn't In charge In he house and In fact Nanny flowers Is the boss of him and not the other way around. In majority of the chapters what ever Nanny Flowers says, It goes. â€Å"He's sleeping in the bunkhouse tonight† and that's what happens. Lets not to say the Nanny flowers wears the pants In their relationship because from what I've read most of the time Its Koru Farina.Nanny flowers Is a strong headed woman and won't let people change her mind quite that easily and she definitely won't let Koru Apron do so. Kaka has to overcome Okras resistance when Koru rejects her at the very start of her rite because she Is not a male and so according to the tradition, cannot be the new chief of the tribe. He considers her â€Å"of no use to him† and â€Å"a disappointmentâ₠¬  simply because she Is a female. Despite trying to prove herself to Koru, he refuses to accept her. She has to patiently win his love over time .Kaka also has to overcome Koru forbidding her to learn the ancient and tribal warrior techniques. She trains In secret and quickly learns faster than the other boys In Corks trailing. Kaka shows, persistence, courage and simple hard work to be better the the rest of the boys that Koru Apron was trailing. By libidinous The Whale Rider by Wit' Mineral has many important themes that are represented Nanny Flowers has definitely got her winning sides in most of the argument, â€Å"He isn't any chief, I'm his Chief†.This line indicates that Koru Farina isn't in charge in the house and in fact Nanny flowers is the boss of him and not the other way around. In majority of the chapters what ever Nanny Flowers says, it goes. â€Å"He's sleeping in wears the pants in their relationship because from what eve read most of the time its Koru Far ina. Nanny flowers is a strong headed woman and won't let people change her mind quite that easily and she definitely won't let Koru Farina do so.Kaka has to overcome Cork's resistance when Koru rejects her at the very start of her birth because she is not a male and so according to the tradition, cannot be the new because she is a female. Despite trying to prove herself to Koru, he refuses to accept forbidding her to learn the ancient and tribal warrior techniques. She trains in secret and quickly learns faster than the other boys in Cork's training. Kaka shows, Koru Farina was training.

Male Characters as Less Heroic than the Female Characters of “Generals Die in Bed” Essay

Good stories oftentimes have well-written heroic characters. That is because the hero functions as the character with whom the readers relate to. The significant role of the hero is that he is the one who communicates the experience within the narrative. But what if the central characters of a good story are lacking essential heroic traits? Instead the central characters exemplify unheroic attributes such as cowardice. It would be understandable if the readers would scour the pages of a good story for characters to look up to. This is the subtle effect in Charles Yale Harrison’s â€Å"Generals Die in Bed. † Arguably, the women characters in the novel had acted more heroic than the male characters. But before we traverse further in this discussion, it would be essential to first have a definition of the word â€Å"heroism. † The word carries along a mythological connotation. The first ideas would be of brave men overcoming great obstacles and challenges. The word is often attributed to soldiers, knights, kings, etc. But if treated with a contemporary approach, the word pertains to acts of selflessness geared towards others. In today’s world, we do not have to slay a dragon to be heroes, we just have to be of any help to the people around us. What had lead to the argument that the women were more heroic was the cowardice of the men. The juxtaposition of the level of heroism of men and women had set latter as the more admirable and the former as cowards. If the tone and language of the male characters would be reviewed, especially the narrator’s, it is evident that their mindset are comprised of a mixture of fear and naiveness. The narrator is seemingly a little enthusiastic about going to war. Of course he was afraid, but the fear they experienced in the trenches would be amplified exponentially. The narrator describes what they experienced as hypnotic terror (Harrison 163). The characters of the novel had entered the war as civilians who held up to morals and values. But as they were becoming accustomed to the life at the trenches, they had developed cowardliness. There was even an account wherein they had become afraid to light the candles because they might be spotted by snipers (69). The characters appeared to be less heroic as the war progressed. The narrator even seemed to be relieved when he delivered the last line of the novel â€Å"I am carried up the gangplank. † (170) War songs are usually cheery to raise the morale of soldiers and alleviate â€Å"shell shock. † But in the novel, the songs that the soldier sung expresses fear of what the war has to offer â€Å"I’m too young to die, I want to go home† (15). In addition, most of the soldiers would go to battle in a drunken state. Perhaps it is to some kind of coping mechanism for the stress and distress due to the war. Should we ever consider bloodlust as a heroic trait? There are many recounts of killings interspersed all over the novel. There was an instance wherein the narrator was telling Gladys in a lively fashion that he had committed murder (95). Then when he observed that Gladys was becoming offended and afraid of his story, he laughed and said that the killing took place in the trench. In the narrator’s standpoint, it was as if the murder that he had committed was something easily acceptable and forgivable. It was as if an enemy’s life does not count as life of another human being, but a life of some animal whose destiny is to be brutally slaughtered. The narrator described how he and his comrades had become â€Å"snarling, savage beast† during their brutal encounter with the enemy troop. The male characters in the novel had shown degrading kindness towards humanity. Since it was the males that were sent in the battlefield and develop this dehumanizing kind of mindset, it is the females who are left at home devoid of these ill thoughts. In the light of the novel’s context, a shining example of heroism by the females would be of the nurses. The nurses during times of war had shown outstanding bravery that could be compared to the bravery of men in the frontline. They are the ones who risk their lives in war stricken areas, but instead of killing people, they risk their lives saving the injured. The novel had painted a vivid picture of war with horrific realism, â€Å"severely injured, one of Broadbent’s legs is hanging by one strand of flesh† (147). These are the horrors that the nurses had to battle during the times of war. Furthermore, setting aside the risk of being hit by a stray bullet or being bombarded, the nurses faces the risk of infection and catching deadly diseases. This is an excellent example of heroism because of the risks involve and the nurses motivation of helping those who are in need. An injured soldiers who were healed and taken cared off by nurses should consider the nurses as their heroes. As opposed to the seemingly passive character of the protagonist, one of the most colorful of all the characters is Gladys. For those who had the chance to read the novel, she is easily remembered as to one of the few women who have a proper name in the ensemble of characters. Moreover, she was a â€Å"courtesan† or a prostitute with whom the protagonist had spent a great deal of his time. In effect, Gladys had a significant effect on the protagonist’s worldview. It should be pointed out that being a â€Å"courtesan† or a prostitute is one of the world’s oldest known profession. It would be troublesome to argue that being a prostitute is heroic. However, if we were to discuss selfless acts, nothing could be selfless than selling oneself to provide for one’s family. Just like other companions of soldiers, be them wives, girlfriends, mothers, etc. , they all serve as inspiration for the soldier. It is no secret that women have an inexplicable capability of raising the morale of soldiers. And of course, of all the women exemplifying admirable heroism during the war, it would be the mothers on top of the list. Mothers are directly affected of the war because everyday they battle horrific thoughts of their husbands and sons getting killed in the battlefield, of never seeing them alive ever again. If we would be talking about obstacles and challenges, those thoughts could be hardest ordeals one has to face. Admirably, mothers of war participants overcome those thoughts and still be able to tend to the needs of their children. There is an instance in the novel wherein the narrator and his comrades were wounded and in need of a place to stay. They managed to find a war-torn village where an old woman, a mother, was residing. The hospitable old women provided them with food and a place to stay. She even treated the wounds of the soldiers. The nurturing that only mothers are capable is undeniably heroic. Conclusion The author has described the horrifying experience in the trenches, thanks to his first hand experience of the war. Fear is very evident in the male characters and that fear is communicated to the reader. The absence of characters with whom the reader could view as heroic lead to the conclusion that women were more heroic. Women in the novel were generally described as agreeable. The most negative of all could just be Gladys’ job as a prostitute. Other than that, women were the ones whom the soldiers run to when they need help. The women were willing to help the soldiers even though they are not required to do so. Soldiers will always be of course the heroes in the eyes of the public, of the spectators of the war. But for those who truly take part in the war, not the generals who die in their beds, the heroic acts of women during the war are indispensable. Soldiers are not out there in battlefield to save lives, their duty is to kill the opposition. Fortunately, humans are blessed to be categorized under two very different yet complementing sex, man and woman. The former being able to destroy and the latter endowed with the gift to nurture. Women should be commended in performing their different roles in the war. Arguably, they are more admirable in this context because they fight the war without having to carry the instruments of war like guns, etc. The real heroes of war should not just be judged by the number of people they kill, it should also be by the number of the lives they save. In this novel, we see that many acts of heroism are overlooked. Work Cited Harrison, Charles Yale. Generals Die in Bed. Ontario: Firefly Books Ltd, 2007

Administrative Agencies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Administrative Agencies - Essay Example that govern production and operation of aircrafts, operating flight service stations, issuing commercial and private aviation licenses and carrying out research and development on existing aviation system (Federal Aviation Administration 1). Apparently, the roles played by FAA are necessary for ensuring efficiency and safety in U.S aviation industry. In addition, research and development carried out by FAA ensures that the aviation industry is adaptive to various technological and environmental changes. Similarly, NTSB U.S governmental agency that performs investigations on civil aviation accidents and other transportation modes. NTSB has a team of experts, referred to as Go Team, who carryout investigations on aviation accidents to establish the probable causes (National Transportation Safety Board 1). Although the NTSB has no enforcement powers, the body helps in identifying the ‘weak points’ in the aviation industry. In so doing, better solutions can be developed hence improving safety in the U.S transport sector. The DOT agency plays administrative roles in the management of Federal aviation, railroad, highway, transit and maritime. Not only does the DOT play administrative roles but also participates in research and development of modern technologies that improve efficiency and safety of the U.S transport systems. Primary roles of DOT in the aviation industry include congestion mitigation, enforce the implementation of National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) and initiation of intermodal projects that promote efficiency (Department of Transportation 1). Therefore, the DOT is an important U.S agency because it ensures smooth running and efficiency of the aviation industry. In conclusion, the FAA, NTSB and DOT are government administrative agencies that regulate the U.S aviation industry. It is evident that the three agencies are keen in implementing new developments in order to optimize efficiency in the U.S aviation industry. In addition, the principal

Design and Sustainability '' Product Innovation '' Coursework

Design and Sustainability '' Product Innovation '' - Coursework Example The tilt function is useful in the protection of the outboard engine. The hull on the outboard comes with ensuring the prevention of the engine being damaged by the shocking absorbing function. The project is aimed to develop and demonstrate both visual and non-visual technologies that will be used to monitor the outboards border. This project will enable the officers identify illegal electrical activities that are taking place at a low cost and with equipment that will also track objects that will not be seen by the cameras. It will also ensure the department continues to upgrade as technology changes since the change of technology comes with new ways of penetrating through security devices (Arndt & Kierzkowski, 2001). Threat and vulnerability assessment is an important process for any project to go through to ensure that when the project is over and implemented, it does not face challenges that could easily have been avoided in the implementation process. Most security projects are vulnerable to risks at three levels; high vulnerability, where a small weakness in a project could mean that the facility will be highly prone to terrorists or hazards; medium vulnerability, where the prone is somewhat in nature; and the low vulnerability, where the facility faces less chances of being endangered to terrorists or hazard attacks (Ferrell & Hartline, 2010). The process of market development is important in organizations as it provides a platform of the business to grow with the market. Customer satisfaction has remained the sole goal for businesses as they will attain sales. The aspect of market segmentation is also important in facilitating the development process. The use of AIDCA which is Attention, Interest, Desire, Conviction and Action is common in the process of development. A close look at each element is clear in marketing. Attention is important in marketing as businesses will be able to seek the most common aspects that will aid in ensuring

On the defense of sweatshops Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

On the defense of sweatshops - Essay Example Secondly, sweatshops play an important role in the economic development in the countries they are located in. Most multinational corporations take advantage of the low labor costs in developing countries simply out of good business sense. The profits generated by these companies are, however, used to uplift local communities. For example, it is common to find a company building water purification plants in communities where they are located. An example is given in the article by Stefan Spath who highlights how multinationals in Mexico helped to improve the conditions in the maquiladora towns. Through such initiatives, companies contribute significantly to the growth of the economies of the countries they are located in. Sweatshops allow these companies to earn higher profits that are later used to develop the country. Third, in the article by Spath, the author further notes that the cheap labor provided by those working in sweatshops allows the companies to sell the final products at relatively low prices. This is beneficial to the consumers located in different parts of the world. In the end, this makes economic sense to both the company and the consumer. Finally, the exchange between the worker and the company is mutually beneficial. Whereas it has been rightfully argued that sweatshops pay their workers' low wages, many have failed to look at this based on the economic conditions of these countries. In many of the developing countries, sweatshops provide some of the best wages compared to other jobs.

Service Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Service Management - Essay Example Nevertheless, there are numerous challenges experienced by the company and very often their customers are looking for services from other container-based shipping industry companies. In order to become a competitive rivalry for other shipping companies, COSCO is focused on service strategy improvement. China positions itself as the largest international company, providing with their services 75% of international cargo volume. COSCO in XXI century â€Å"will focus on providing differentiated and value-added services to acquire long-term contracts and life-long customers. As alliances and mergers have become a major part of the international shipping industry, we (COSCO) will co-operate closely with our partners. We aim to be a world-class global shipping service provider, in the near future, with high efficiency and high quality service† (China Cosco Holdings Confident on Recovery in Container Rates, 2010). Therefore, COSCO positions it as the world’s leading shipping in dustry company, which is able to provide its customer with efficient, high quality services. The Company contributes much for financial and technological development of the company. Thus, it should be noted that COSCO is concerned about improvements of infrastructure of the Company, development of strategies, which refer to the modern needs of the international society and the newest tendencies in the shipping industry. Starting from 2002 the country is able to offer to the clients â€Å"a comprehensive package of ocean shipping services with fleets covering a wider range from traditional bulk tonnages to more value-added ones such as post-panamax container vessel, heavy-lift ship, LNG carrier and so on† (China COSCO 2010). Value-added services and life-long customers are of great importance for COSCO. The main challenge for the company occurs, when potential clients find out that to reach Shanghai from Chongqing takes about 900 miles. Thus, shipping goods from Chongqing to S hanghai takes too much time. The Company tries to deal with this problem in spite of the fact that rail system of China is fragmented. Moreover, potential international clients are scared off by challenging import-export documentation: it takes too much time at the customs. Licensing and trade challenges in China can be facilitated by WTO. Thus, service challenge should be solved within the company and nationally. To repair roads in the country and improve roads in the ports is on behalf of the Chinese government. COSCO should work hard in order investors wanted to support the Company. â€Å"Green protectionism policy† is of high relevance in the world. Therefore, COSCO is focused on environmentally friendly shipping services. Potential clients are interested in COSCO’s post-crisis measures, because sub-prime crisis special study team in COSCO enabled the Company to recover as soon as possible. An innovation of the Company, such as tariff decrease for ASEAN countries f rom 9.8 percent to 0.1 percent is rather attractive for the international partners (China, Korea Aid for Shipping Industry May Prolong Rates Slump, 2009). Out of 4 million of TEUs globally, many countries are estranged from container-based shipping services. COSCO and its subsidiaries have more than 120 ports in 40 countries. The sustainability of the Company is provided by logistics. There is a shift from passive service to active service. Starting from 2010 the Company implements TCSS, system, which considers customer’

SOCIAL JUSTICE IN CONTEMPORARY NURSING Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

SOCIAL JUSTICE IN CONTEMPORARY NURSING - Essay Example In spite of this, relevant studies indicate that the nursing profession has inconsistently continued to define social justice (Browne 2008, p. 83-85; Judy et al. 2010, p. E3-4), a critical concept that has introduced discrepancies between professional expectations and competence within practice. This paper will critically analyze the concept of social justice within the nursing profession by analyzing related literature and debate on policy concerns and forces that affect social justice within the practice. Also, the paper will analyse the application of nursing professional values in relation to social justice. As identified in the introductory section, the concept of social justice within the nursing practice is surrounded by inconsistencies that cut across nursing expectations and practice. A study conducted by Pfitzinger (2013, p.1) involving the review of literature published on PubMed and CINAHL databases revealed that a majority of currently published articles related to social justice within nursing lacked a defined action plan and had inconsistencies within the definition of the notion of ‘social justice’. Additionally, those that have action plans were unable to guide clearly nurses on how to engage in acts related to social justice. The education system is challenged with inadequate instructional methods that prepare the engagement and integration of concepts of social justice in nursing due to the uncertainty of the topic within practice (Browne & Tarlier 2008, p.85; Judy et al. 2010, p.E1-9). With the existence of such confusion, nurses are not expected to deal accurately with the vice of social injustice within the practice. Interestingly, pressure is mounting on instructors regarding the introduction of social justice concepts within the classroom setting with the looming confusion of defining the concept (Boutain 2005, p.405). Pfitzinger (2013, p.1) clearly explains the

British Involvement in Arabic Peninsula Dissertation

British Involvement in Arabic Peninsula - Dissertation Example However, the interest into the Arabic Peninsula is motivated by the beautiful landscape of the place. The terrain and climate of the Peninsula had successfully kept away any adventurers for years. The British contact into the area was just on the individual level and not on governmental level at all (ROGERS, 2006). These individuals were mainly explorers who were visiting the place, and many other places around the world, for adventure. It is through the activity of these explorers that the world came to know about the Arabic peninsula. Some of the outstanding explorers were Charles Doughty and Richard Burton who get the credit for opening up this place to the western world. The peninsula’s location in the Arabic region was the spark to the British interest. For a long time, traffic from between the Orient and Europe used to pass through a corridor which bordered the Sahara on the south-west, and the mountains of turkey and Persia on the north-eastern region. It is along this corridor that the Arabic peninsula stretches. The corridor was, therefore, completely not penetrable. Explorers and people on adventure had to pass around the region by either going through Syria towards the Euphrates and then down to the Gulf, or across the Red Sea through Egypt. Even though Vasco da Gama had discovered the Cape route in the 15th century, the all-sea route was still preferred by many who sought to go around Africa. In the beginning of Britain’s interests in the Middle East, the main objective was commercially motivated. It was in the 17th century that the British government started to show interest in the Arabic Peninsula. During this time, the East India Company opened new offices in locations around the region such as the Red Sea, Basra and the Persian Gulf coast. The company main objective was to seek for new markets in the Middle East region. Although the intention of the British was purely economic at first, it started to take a political perspective towards the end of the 18th century (BALFOUR-PAUL, 1994). During this time, the British had already consolidated the Indian empire and, therefore, cared less about the local trade ventures. Consequently, they turned their interests to the strategic location of the Gulf because it was a major route into India. Because of this, the British administration turned all the offices in the region outside India from trade centers into political and diplomatic hubs. These centers were now used for purposes preservation and protection of the British’s interests in the region. The British notably coined some clever treaties that enabled them to preserve and protect their presence in the region. In these treaties, the British offered to protect the local Arabian rulers from their rivals in return of the Britons dominance in the region. The British, therefore, achieved the command of the Indian Ocean gateways. In this way, they were able to deny any other international powers the ports of the sea. When the British learnt of a Napoleonic entry into Egypt, they sought an agreement with the Sultan of Muscat so that they can prevent the French from expanding their territories towards the Arabic Gulf region. In other measures to protect their interests in the Arabic Peninsula region, the British signed numerous treaties with the surrounding kingdoms. These treaties were aimed at reducing piracy in the Gulf region and to safe guard trade. British have been consistent in fighting off other colonies that posed a threat to the Britons’ supremacy in the Gulf region. Among these are the Egyptians, French and Russians who have posed threat to the Ottoman Empire. The British are much concerned with the interference of the Russians, who have showed increased

Types of Profit Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Types of Profit - Essay Example This capital expenditure takes time which cannot be completed in the short-run. Similarly, no existing firm can leave the industry in the short-run. The reason behind this is that whenever a firm sets up in any industry it has to incur some sunk costs. In lay man terms, sunk costs are actually setup costs. These costs are barriers that do not let the firms leave the industry in the short-run as no firm wants to leave the industry without minimizing or cashing in on some of their sunk costs. As we have already discussed, that no firm can be lured into or pushed-out of the industry in the short-run. The reasons that may tempt the other businesses entering into industry are off course profits, as discussed above. There are two types of profit that firm makes in the short run based on its costs and revenue. A firm may be making large profits or break-even in this time-scale. In economic terms break-even is known as normal profit because the calculation includes implicit or opportunity co sts, which are not actual cost and hence a firm which is breaking even is making a profit in accounting terms. Normal Profits are usually denoted by AR=AC. Similarly, apart from normal profit a firm might also be making a Supernormal profit denoted by a equation AR>AC. These profits positions can be shown in the following diagrams: In figure 1 we see the condition in whi... In short-run when the firm is earning normal profits, the firm is just covering total costs. Since the TC (Total Cost Calculations) also includes implicit costs like opportunity cost of capital employed, return of capital in alternative uses etc. These are not actual costs and hence breaking even would mean that firm is earning profit which it could earning in alternative businesses and hence there is no motivation for the firm to go out of the industry. The distinction in this situation, for the firm, is AC= AR and thus TC = TR. (Lipsey and Chrystal, 2003) In figure 2, we see the condition where our assumed manufacturing firm is making an abnormal profit. In this situation the firm earns more than normal profit and hence in this case there is no reason why the firm would leave the industry but instead if it leaves the industry, it won't be able to make as much profit as it is earning in this industry. In the figure 2, the shaded area "pink" is the amount of supernormal profit that our manufacturing firm is earning. The above two profits positions that a firm could face in the short-run are favorable conditions and hence no rational firm would leave the industry in the prevailing conditions discussed above. However, the problem arises when our manufacturing firm makes an economic loss. An economic loss is a condition when the firm is not able cover its average cost. In this condition, entrepreneurs often face a dilemma whether to continue with the current production or to cease the operation of the firm altogether. However, one interesting point or assumption that we can make here is that even after making an economic loss, sometimes it is feasible for businesses or firms to continue to operate in the industry. The reasons behind this may be economical or

Tissue engineering Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Tissue engineering - Essay Example ed to traditional methods as it solves twin problems of donor scarcity and the risks of tissue transplant rejection including transmission of diseases (Gomes & Reis, 2004, p. 738). Tissue engineering is a relatively new field of research and there is a paucity of certain academic scientific materials and research studies. It is expected this new field will have a big impact on the provision of health care in the coming years when more complex bio-materials are needed for functional tissues like bones, cartilage or large bone segments (ibid.) and even complex organs. Stem cell research has been very useful so far but there are so many ethical and other moral issues involved which has stymied large-scale efforts in this direction. Tissue engineering has no such ethical considerations as it does not involve embryonic stem cells. This new process holds much promise from the medical and economic standpoints as it skirts moral issues while potentially offering much lower costs to the patients. As example, the world market for bone grafts shows 50% are from autologous grafts while only 10% are from synthetic bio-materials thereby indicating substantial room for growth in terms of unmet market need. This entirely different approach intends to help diseased, defective or lost tissues to regenerate themselves or develop biologically-acceptable substitutes using homogeneous or heterogeneous cells. The new technique is alternatively called as regenerative medicine or as re-constructive medicine using either autogeneic cells or foreign cells. In the course of conducting research, medical scientists accidentally found out statins are very helpful in the formation of bone tissues. This coincidental or accidental discovery is very much reminiscent of the way Viagra (sildenafil citrate) was discovered to be helpful in curing ED while in the course of conducting research for finding a cure of many heart-related ailments like pulmonary arterial hypertension, angina pectoris and

Behavioural Skills for Business Essay Example for Free

Behavioural Skills for Business Essay When looking at what a manager should be doing and what Richard has been doing it is easy to see that he is struggling to properly understand what being a manager actually entails. While there have been many theorists over the years all trying to show what being a manager truly means I think that Rosemary Stewart’s theory fits Richards situation perfectly. Stewart recommended a three part classification for the analysis of jobs. She focused on; Job Demands – What you must do Job Choices – The freedoms you have. Job Constraints – The limit on what you can do. When looking at Job Demands you need to look at certain things; What routine job activities must not be neglected or delegated without a penalty being incurred. When looking at Richards situation you can see that Conflict There can be many causes of conflict within a business these can include; the formation of cliques; group pressure; patterns of communication; personality clashes; assumptions about others; misuse of authority; power tactics and manipulation; general expectations and beliefs; misunderstandings; understandable beliefs and assumptions. With regards to Carole’s situation the biggest causes of conflict are due to the fact that there were personality clashes between herself and Joanne due to the fact that they couldn’t work out a way to effectively to distribute the workload and then fell out due to â€Å"bitter words were exchanged†. It doesn’t help that the patterns of communication are weak within the company when she was put in charge, an example of this is when she found out that both Joanne and Ian had taken to leaving work early via an administration officer.

Vaccination Case Study Essay Example for Free

Vaccination Case Study Essay I. Introduction a.Thesis: Children should be vaccinated because vaccination protects them against sickness, reduces the spread of common ailments, and can protect individuals who cannot be vaccinated. b. Strategy: Ask a provoking/rhetorical question II.Protecting against sickness III.Reducing the spread of common ailments IV.Protecting individuals who can’t be vaccinated V.Conclusion a.Strategy: Recommendation Did you know that some childhood diseases, such as polio, whooping cough, and especially the measles, have nearly been eliminated in the United States due to the implementation of vaccination (â€Å"Lode Tot, Other Cases Prompt Call for Vaccinations† 1)? Unfortunately, these diseases and others like them are now making a comeback thanks to parents who are reluctant to have their children vaccinated. I believe children should be vaccinated because vaccination protects them against sickness, reduces the spread of common ailments, and can protect individuals who cannot be vaccinated. The first pressing reason to vaccinate children is to prevent them from contracting diseases. It can hardly be argued that immunizations fail to protect the majority of children from getting the infection the immunization was designed to prevent. In the 18th century, for example, hundreds of thousands of Americans were infected by a crippling condition called polio. Polio was a terrible infection that caused sufferers to lose the use of their legs. Many had to walk with braces or crutches. Some lost the ability to walk and had to be placed in wheelchairs, while others were so disabled they became unable to engage in any physical activity, or even died of the condition. Polio was so prevalent it even affected American president Franklin Delano Roosevelt (Schnell 2)! Thanks to vaccinations, today polio is all but unheard of in the USA, and in other countries that immunize against it. This example alone should show the desirability of immunization. Who would want to see a family member crippled to the point  of death from a preventable condition? In addition to protecting single individuals from illness, vaccinations protect entire communities, including both children and adults. One person who contracts an illness has the potential to transfer it to literally millions of others. For example, in Africa a single person contracted Ebola from eating contaminated game in the spring of 2014, and now sources say 1.4 million people could be infected within nine months of the first case (Mansbridge 1). Imagine of that single person could have been vaccinated! Hundreds of thousands of people might not have contracted the virus, and might have lived. At the very least, they would not have endured a horrible period of sickness. This means that when parents vaccinate their children, they are protecting everyone who would come into contact with them, even at a remove of hundreds or thousands of middle-men. Therefore, vaccinating can even protect people from future generations, because allowing contagious diseased to be transmitted also al lows them to persist through time. Vaccination also provides a useful service to a particularly vulnerable subset of the population: those individuals who, for one reason or another, cannot be vaccinated. When the population vaccinates regularly, few or no people can get an illness, and those who cannot take vaccines are never exposed to it. However, when people fail to vaccinate their children, the illnesses creep in, and those

Achieving Access to Healthcare for All Americans

Achieving Access to Healthcare for All Americans Introduction/Background Access to healthcare is one of the major issues facing Americans today. The United States is considered by many to be the greatest nation in the world with great wealth and opportunity for its citizens. However, despite many Americans having access to our advance healthcare system and technology, a significant percentage of our citizens face barriers that prevent them from obtaining basic healthcare services. The problem we face as Americans is our lack of free healthcare for all citizens, as compared to other countries such as Canada who do implement free healthcare to all of its citizens. There are many reasons people do not have access to healthcare. High healthcare costs are still a primary cause for Americans not being able to get the medical attention they need. The most common reason is because people cant afford to purchase health insurance that would allow them to get in to see a doctor. Health insurance can be hard to obtain depending where you are on the socioeconomic ladd er. The Affordable Care Act, which is sometimes referred to as Obamacare, was supposed to fix this problem by creating an insurance system that would allow everyone to afford health insurance regardless of their income. Obamacare is a United States law that reformed both the healthcare and health insurance industries in America. This did help and the latest statistics in 2016 showed that the number of uninsured has decreased from 18% to 13% (Obamacarefacts, 2016). This has not solved the problem completely and there is a lot of concern about the continued high cost of healthcare and the fact that many still dont have access. At some point in their lives, everyone will need health care or medical treatment, but the cost of this essential service threatens our countrys economy. The cost of healthcare has taken an increasing share of the United States economy, and has been rising for many years. In 2010, the US spent 17.9 percent of the nations economy on healthcare, compared to only 7 .2 percent in 1970 and to 9.5 percent on average across 34 other developed countries (Caitlin Cowan, 2015). This article shows that increased spending does not equal higher quality. In fact, many other countries healthcare systems actually provide higher quality care at a lower cost, suggesting that we dont always need to spend more to get better care and outcomes (Caitlin Cowan, 2015). This critical issue of healthcare access has caused many citizens to demand a nationalized or government sponsored healthcare system for all Americans. Nationalized Healthcare is What All Americans Deserve Proponents of nationalized healthcare believe that instituting a national health system would lower the cost of health care in the United States.In one study, under a single-payer system, in which all citizens are guaranteed access to healthcare, total public and private healthcare spending could be lowered by $592 billion in 2014 and up to $1.8 trillion over the next decade by lowering administrative and prescription drug costs (Friedman, 2013). In a study in the American Journal of Public Health, Canada, who provides universal access to healthcare, spends half as much per capita on health care as the United States (Lasser, Himmelstein Woolhandler, 2009). With nationalized healthcare, we could develop a centralized national database which makes diagnosis and treatment easier for doctors and avoids separate record-keeping systems between doctors and different hospitals. It would eliminate wasteful inefficiencies such as duplicate paper work, claim approval, insurance submission, etc . because there would not be a need for maintaining insurance information or wasting time submitting claims. The savings in the duplicate records, banking and postal areas alone would be worth significant annual savings estimated in the Billion dollar range (Backman, Hunt, Khosla, 2008). Nationalized healthcare would save lives.In a 2009 study from Harvard, lack of health insurance is associated with as many as 44,789 deaths per year, which is a 40% increased risk of death among uninsured patients (Wilper, Woolhandler, Lasser, McCormick, 2009, p. 2290). In many countries with complete access to healthcare such as Italy, Spain, France, and Norway, people live two to three years longer than people in the United States (Morgan, 2013). Access to free medical services would encourage patients to practice preventive medicine and inquire about problems early before treatment gets severe. Currently, patients often avoid physicals and other preventive measures because of the unaffordable costs. This behavior not only affects the health of the patient but the overall cost to the system, since preventive medicine costs only a fraction of a full blown illness (Lesser et al., 2006). A government-provided system would remove the deterrent patients have for visiting a medical prof essional. Proponents of nationalized healthcare are also quick to point out that good health is a right that all humans deserve. In fact, many believe that in a country as economically and culturally advanced as the United States, it is an embarrassment that we dont provide this basic service to our citizens. Many European countries with a universal right to health care have a lower Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita than the United States, but still provide a right to health care for all their citizens (Backman et al., 2008). Interestingly, in 2005 the United States along with other member states of the World Health Organization signed World Health Assembly Resolution 58.33, which stated that everyone should have access to health care services and should not suffer financial hardship when obtaining these services (United Nations, 2005). Nationalized Healthcare is Bad for America Opponents of nationalized healthcare believe that it would bring on economic disaster for the United States because of the increased cost of healthcare. Medicare, Medicaid, and the Childrens Health Insurance Program are government programs that provide a right to healthcare for certain segments of the population. These programs totaled less than 10% of the federal budget in 1985, but by 2012 took up 21% of the federal budget (Korobkin, 2014). Opponents are quick to point out the waste, excess expense and complexities of other government run agencies. As an example of their beliefs, when the United States Government issued a simplified tax guide several years back, it was over 1000 pages long (Kamarack, 2013). Also, the millions of dollars in waste seen in the Pentagon, Postal Service or Department of Motor Vehicles should make any American skeptical that the government could manage healthcare efficiently or effectively. Nationalized healthcare could increase the wait time and rationing for medical services. Medicaid is an example of a federally funded single-payer health care system that provides access to health care for low-income people. In a 2012 Government Accountability Office report, 9.4% of Medicaid beneficiaries had difficulty obtaining required care due to long wait times compared to only 4.2% of people with private health insurance (United States Government Accountability Office, 2012). Countries with a universal right to healthcare have longer wait times than the United States. In 2013 the average wait time to see a specialist in Canada was nearly 9 weeks but only 18.5 days in the United States (Backman et al., 2008, p. 2055). In addition to the wait to receive healthcare, the government would decide what medical care a citizen deserves. Many countries with universal health care such as Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom, all ration health care using methods such as b udgeting, price setting, and service restrictions (Hoffman, 2013). In this article, the United Kingdoms National Health Service rations health care using a cost-benefit analysis. For example, in 2008 if a drug provided an extra six months of good-quality life and cost less than $15,000, it was automatically approved, while one that costs more would not (Hoffman, 2013). This takes away a persons right to choose what is best for them. Providing a right to health care could raise taxes for all Americans. In European countries with a universal right to health care, the cost of coverage is paid through higher taxes. In the United Kingdom and other European countries, payroll taxes average 37%, which is much higher than the 15.3% payroll taxes paid by an average US worker (Gregory, 2013). According to Gregory, a Research Fellow at the Hoover Institution, financing a universal right to health care in the United States would cause payroll taxes to double. There is a belief that our country has an entitlement mentality and believes that the government should pay for many services including healthcare. However, since nothing is free we would have to increase taxes to pay for this additional service. When people are provided with universal health care and are not directly responsible for the costs of medical services, they might utilize more health resources than necessary. According to a 2014 study published in Science, 10,000 uninsured Portland, Oregon residents who gained access to Medicaid had 40% more visits to emergency rooms, even though they already had guaranteed access to emergency treatment under federal law (Taubman, Allen, Wright, Baicker, Finkelstein, 2014). Since Medicaid provides access to health care for low-income individuals, expanding this to the full US population could worsen the problem of overusing health care resources. Opponents of nationalized healthcare do not believe the founding documents of the United States provide support for a right to health care. The Declaration of Independence does not guarantee a right to health care. The purpose of the US Constitution, as stated in the Preamble, is to promote the general welfare, not to provide for it. This belief is that one may have a right to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness but not to services such as health care (Maruthappu, Ologunde. Gunarajasingam, 2013). Assessments of Different Arguments The issue of healthcare costs in a national healthcare system seem to be best supported by proponents that show reduction in overall costs when they centralize administrative overhead and duplication of paperwork that occurs now between doctors, hospitals and insurance or government payers. The argument that opponents make referencing governmental waste in other programs seems like more of a scare technique than something that would definitely happen with nationalized healthcare. In fact, providing the security of access to healthcare has been shown to increase spending on consumer goods and to promote employees upward mobility to new jobs without the fear of having to maintain health insurance coverage (Gruber, 2009). It would also expand the medical sector to meet the newly covered individuals which would create new and high quality jobs. These would drive economic growth overall. In addition, any rationing of healthcare like that seen in other countries with universal healthcare, would likely reduce costs significantly. It does make sense that increasing the number of individuals by achieving access to healthcare could increase overall costs leading to increase in taxes. However, the thought is that the overall expense reduction by avoiding duplication of services, allowing preventative healthcare to drive down cost of serious illnesses, rationing of health services and increase in economic factors by expanding the healthcare market, would still make this overall a financially positive situation. When analyzing the different opinions for a National healthcare system, there are several factors that make one more supportive of the opponents viewpoint. It is likely that there would be some component of rationing of healthcare services. In most countries with universal healthcare, there is a formula that evaluates the financial costs of a treatment vs. the likelihood of it prolonging life or quality of life. This would change current practice where patients receive less expensive end of life services and might not get surgical procedures as quickly. It would limit the ability for a patient and their Doctor to be the decision maker for all treatment options. There is also a belief by many in the medical community that it would decrease patients options for choosing a provider as less physicians would go into medicine (Fleming, 2006). Finally, there is a significant disagreement between proponents and opponents of nationalized healthcare over whether access to healthcare is a right per our founding fathers or a service that our Government has no obligation to provide. This issue really comes down to semantics and how one chooses to define promotion of general warfare as including health to its citizens. Not surprisingly, proponents or opponents choose to interpret based solely on their desire to support their own argument. Conclusion Access to healthcare can be hard to obtain depending where you are on the socioeconomic ladder. Health insurance is supposed to protect Americans from very high healthcare costs. We have just completed 8 years of President Obama attempting to increase access to healthcare. During his initial campaign promises, he vowed to bring healthcare to all Americans and seemed to be a proponent of Universal Healthcare. His trademark legislation, Obamacare, did increase the number of insured persons but it did not accomplish coverage for all. Now, with the recent Trump election, there is a yet to be understood plan that is supposed to repeal Obamacare and replace it with something that will more effectively provide healthcare coverage to all Americans. This is likely to move away from the idea of government sponsored, nationalized coverage and instead have a significant portion that utilizes private or public non-governmental companies to accomplish their goal. This is an uncertain time for many Americans regarding their access to healthcare. The idea of a nationalized healthcare system for all Americans has been a major issue for many years and continues today. Exploring the many different issues involved with nationalized healthcare provides a clearer understanding of how complicated this issue is with many different viewpoints on both sides. I believe that we cannot continue to allow healthcare costs to increase at their current rate and that as a country, we must provide healthcare to all of our citizens regardless if it is a right or a service. Despite the advantages of a national healthcare system, I do not believe most Americans are willing to limit their access to physicians or their access to the very best treatment options. Ultimately, I believe a combination of government sponsored and private healthcare will be the best option moving forward. Unlike the current situation, I do believe it will require some form of expansion of government healthcare that does have a component of treatment rationing. There will also need to be a private insurance option and for profit companies in the healthcare environment that provide for the heal thcare options that many Americans will demand. As is often the case, the approach of an all or nothing nationalized healthcare system will not work and compromise will be needed. It will require politicians and different factions to compromise on this issue and put aside bipartisan emotions to create a plan that will accomplish healthcare coverage for all Americans. References Backman G., Hunt P., Khosla R., Jaramillo-Strouss C., Fikre B.M., Rumble C. (2008). Health Systems and the Right to Health: An Assessment of 194 Countries. The Lancet, 372, 2047-85. Catlin, A.C., Cowan, C.A., (2015). History of Health Spending in the United States, 1960-2013. Retrieved January 30, 2017 from http://www.cms.gov-Statistics-Data-and- Systems/Statistics-Trends-and-Reports/NationalHealthExpendData/Downloads/ HistoricalNHEPaper.pdf Dartmouthatlas.org. (2016). The Dartmouth Atlas of Health Care. Retrieved January 31, 2017 from http://www.dartmouthatlas.org/keyissues/issue.aspx? con=1338 Fleming, K.C. (2006). High-Priced Pain: What to Expect from a Single-Payer Health Care System. Retrieved January 31, 2017 from http://www.heritage.org Friedman, G. (2013). Funding HR 676: The Expanded and Improved Medicaid for All Act. Retrieved January 31, 2017 from http://www.pnhp.org Government Accountability Office (2012). Medicaid: States Made Multiple Program Changes, and Beneficiaries Generally Reported Access Comparable to Private Insurance. Retrieved January 31, 2017 from http://www.gao.gov Gregory, P. R. (2013). Obamacare a Mess? Liberals Say Go Single Payer. Retrieved January 31, 2017 from http://www.forbes.com Gruber J, (2009). Universal Health Insurance Coverage or Economic Relief A False Choice. New England Journal of Medicine, 360, 437-439. Hoffman, B. (2013). Health Care Rationing Is Nothing New. Retrieved January 31, 2017 from http://www.scientificamerican.com Kamarack, E. (2013). Lessons for the Future of Government Reform. Retrieved on January 30, 2017 from https://www.brookings.edu/lessons for the future of government reform Korobkin, R. (2014). Comparative Effectiveness Research as Choice Architecture: The Behavioral Law and Economics Solution to the Health Care Cost Crisis. Michigan Law Review, 112(4): 523-74. Lasser, K.E., Himmelstein, D., Wollhandler, S. (2006). Access to Care, Health Status, and Health Disparities in the United States and Canada: Results of a Cross-National Population-Based Study. American Journal of Public Health, 96, 1-8. Maruthappu M., Ologunde R., Gunarajasingam A. (2013). Is Health Care a Right? Health Reforms in the USA and their Impact Upon the Concept of Care. Annals of Medicine and Surgery, 2 (1), 15-17. Morgan, K. J. (2016). Americas Misguided Approach to Social Welfare. Retrieved January 31, 2017 from http://www.foreignaffaris.com Obamacarefacts.org. (2017). Obamacare: Uninsured Rates. Retrieved January 31, 2017 from http://obamacarefacts.com/uninsured-rates ProCon.org. (2016). ProCon.org Pros and Cons of Controversial Issues. Retrieved February 1, 2017 from http://www.procon.org/ Taubman, S. L., Allen, H. L., Wright, B. J., Baicker, K., Finkelstein, A. N. (2014). Medicaid Increases Emergency-Department Use: Evidence from Oregons Health Insurance Experiment. Science, 343(6168), 263-268. United Nations.org. (2005). United Nations, The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Retrieved February 1, 2017 from http://www.un.org Wilper, A. P. Steffie Woolhandler, S., Lasser, K.E. Danny McCormick, D. (2009). Health Insurance and Mortality in US Adults, American Journal of Public Health,99(12), 2289-95.

Euthanasia Essay - The Need for Physician Assisted Suicide :: Free Euthanasia Essay

The Need for Physician Assisted Suicide Man is born with death in his hand. We all will die. We may be able to postpone death but we cannot avoid it. We all die of something, somewhere, somehow. Although we cannot avoid death, we can control the death caused by a terminal illness. We can determine how, when, where, and with whom we die. Right now at this time, there are over 10,000 patients in the United States that are in a permanent vegetative state. Also there are thousands of handicapped infants born each year. With the technology we have today, we are able to help people survive for long periods. About two million Americans die every year. About 85% of them are in an institution. 80% involve a decision by someone to try to prolong life or to let it go. It is estimated that around four of every five Americans will die of lingering, chronic illness, which cannot be cured but can be artificially prolonged. Odds are not in your favor to die naturally at home. The following are some thing to clear up any confusion about assisted suicide and euthanasia. Euthanasia is act of mercifully ending the life of a hopelessly suffering patient; taken from a similar Greek word meaning "easy or good death" Physician-Assisted Suicide - assisted by a qualified medical practitioner in fulfilling the wishes of a competent, terminally-ill patient to end his/her own life, usually by means of lethal injections. The difference between the two is during euthanasia is when death itself occurs, it's carried out by the doctor but in doctor-assisted suicides, the patient fulfills the final step of terminating his/her own life. "Passive" Euthanasia is ending a patient's life by withholding or withdrawing life-sustaining treatments, and "Active" Euthanasia is causing a virtually painless death by means without which life would continue naturally, usually referring to lethal injections and lastly, suicide is the act of taking one's own life voluntarily and intentionally. A very well talked about doctor who assists in suicide is Dr. Jack Kevorkian. He has pointed out the benefits of assisted suicide. Some of those are that it reduces patient's suffering family and friends of patient. Dr. Kevorkian also asks his own patients to donate vital organs or undergo a critical medical experiment, which helps science, medicine, society, and the lives of others.

Big Daddy and the American Dream in Tennessee Williams Cat on a Hot Ti

Big Daddy and the American Dream in Tennessee Williams' Cat on a Hot Tin Roof  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚      Tennessee William's Cat on a Hot Tin Roof is a thought-provoking play that explores human relationships of all kinds. The character of Brick is forced to examine the relationship with his friend, Skipper, his wife, his family, and himself. Other characters, Gooper, Mae, and Big Mama, demonstrate stifling marriage relationships. Big Daddy, though, is one of the most interesting characters in that he illustrates the strange relationship one can have with one's possessions. Watt and Richardson, the editors, state that the play is about "acquisitiveness." That is, the acquiring of material possessions is central to the play, and this family. The Pollitts own a plantation home on the Mississippi Delta. Their house is a key figure in the work as much as any of the characters are in that it encapsulates the family's legacy of secrecy. To begin with, there is the central staging area of Brick and Maggie's bedroom. This room was once shared by the former owners, two men, a fact that seems to haunt Brick. Williams describes the decor of the room in some detail. He is most occupied with the "console combination of radio-phonograph, TV set and liquor cabinet." He seems incredulous at the size and symbolism in this possession. He writes, "This piece of furniture (?!), this monument, is a very completer and compact little shrine to virtually all the comforts and illusions behind which we hide from such things as the characters in the play are faced with . . ." (Williams 660). He is quite right. Not only does Brick hide behind the liquor in the cabinet, his true crutch, but the furniture does exemplify all the modern conveniences that many p... ...system that he speaks of is more than the lying and liars that immediately surround him; it is not just his family. The system that he lives in is materialism. He has bought into the American dream, in effect capitalism, and has at last found it lacking. Yet it is doubtful that this revelation will truly change Big Daddy in the way he lives his last days. For Williams' words concerning Brick ring true for Daddy as well. He writes, "I don't believe a conversation, however relevatory, ever effects so immediate a change in the heart or even conduct of a person" (706 act 3). Big Daddy is trapped in his American dream even as it has become his nightmare. Work Cited Williams, Tennessee. Cat on a Hot Tin Roof. In Stages of Drama: Classical to Contemporary Theater. Ed. Carl H. Klaus, Miriam Gilvert, and Bradford S. Field, Jr., 4th ed. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin ¹s, 1999.